What type of facial growth changes can mouth breathing cause?

Mouth breathing can significantly influence facial growth, particularly leading to adaptive vertical changes. This occurs because the mechanics of breathing through the mouth, as opposed to the nose, can alter the resting posture of the mandible and the overall muscle function in the face. As individuals who breathe through their mouths often have their jaws positioned in a more open posture, this can facilitate elongation of the facial structure, which is characterized by increases in facial height.

This adaptive vertical growth is commonly observed in mouth breathing patients due to prolonged changes in muscle function and the resulting alterations in the development of the maxilla and mandible. Over time, these adaptive responses can lead to a longer lower facial height, which can affect both dental and skeletal relationships.

The influence of mouth breathing on facial development is not merely a cosmetic concern but can have functional implications, including changes in occlusion and airway dynamics. Understanding these effects is crucial in orthodontic treatment planning, as addressing the underlying cause of mouth breathing can help guide more favorable growth and development outcomes.